World Export Development Forum 2010

The 11th World Export Development Forum which began on 9th to12th September was held in Chongqing, China. The major theme of the event was ‘Adapting to Post-Crisis World Trade Patterns and Lessons for Export Development’, (Istanbul, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on World Export Development Forum 2010 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the issues highlighted in the forum were renewed hopes and devotion to export-led growth model and the need to renew objectives and strategies in post-crisis period. The event was also dedicated for discussing issues such as competitiveness and development of export in the global world. They also analyzed and identified some of the challenges that are encountered by developing countries due to the economic shift. The occasion was attended by over 300 delegates drawn from 48 developing and developed countries. They consisted of international and senior nati onal policy makers, representatives of business leaders and international agencies and heads of trade support institutions. The conference was co-hosted by China Council for Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT), Ministry of Commerce of People’s Republic of China (MOFCOM) and the Chongqing City. The delegates were offered an exclusive opportunity to learn more about China’s foreign trade policy and its domestic economy (Simon, 2010). Huang Qi Fan, the Mayor of Chongqing’s municipal government, welcomed the delegates and set the tone of the event by expressing his confidence in maintenance of momentum growth of Chongqing. Yi Xiaozhun who is the Vice-Minister of MOFCOM was the first person to express his thoughts on China’s Foreign Trade. His views were that international trade was the major force in the recovery of world economy which is facing economic and financial shortages. He asserted that China’s success in economic growth was driven by tra de. China had fully devoted herself to open trade policy without any form of trade surpluses. This accelerated restructuring of China’s economy which increased domestic demands (Simon, 2010). It also opened doors for other countries to trade with China and increased chances of export which created an opportunity for economic recovery of the world. The Director-General of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Pascal Lamy, was in agreement with Yi’s thoughts but noted that strong discipline was a requirement to form fair, transparent and predictable trade to meet entrepreneur’s needs.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wang Jinzhen, the Vice-Chairman of CCPIT, hoped that the conference will deeply analyze the trading landscape at a global level and find appropriate measures to promote trade. He took the mandate to vouch for medium and small sized enterprises t o help in increasing the total number of brands exported by China. However, Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Mr. Supachai Panitchpakdi added that the issue was beyond just exportation (Istanbul, 2010). He was of the view that boosting skills of various indigenous companies and relating employment to export growth was the best way to acclimatize to the new economic command of the world. He added that a rise in South-South trade will help pull other countries to grow economically. Problems facing 49 under developed countries were also addressed in the forum. Mr Lamy stressed that the constraints in supply have become a stamping block to many countries from getting into the market. This means that accessing the market is not a guarantee that you have already joined the market. Mr Muthuraman added that low rates of saving, high economic and consumption discrepancy and low competition led to slow revitalization in the developed countrie s (McIntyre, 2011). Developing countries however had low labour cost advantage which increased their level of productivity which became their major point of consumption. Growing pressure in currency readjustment due to faster growth rate of Gross Domestic Products was a factor to consider in developing countries. Nevertheless, it was hard to predict the outcome of development in these countries in terms of intensity and speed. Patricia Francis, Executive Director of ITC, laid out various policies on how to respond to the crisis during the forum. She warned against focusing on short-term fixes rather than long term growth that could last. She added that the world needs to review impacts of different behaviours to combat the food crisis, financial challenges and rapid climate change. She noted that focusing on short-term fixes could lead to loss of confidence and trust because of its high risks (Simon, 2010). This is because the world would only benefit from short term gains. She offe red her advice to the world to set equitable goals and set a common responsibility that will see to it that long term gains are achieved. According to Francis, support from strong financial enterprises and trade institutions was required to develop a mutually beneficial partnership between different countries. This was the only way to succumb to the global crisis.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on World Export Development Forum 2010 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When addressing the state of the world trade, Professor Ghemawat noted the importance of addressing three major issues when it comes to trade, globalization extent, understanding the importance of trade and the extent of constraining trade barriers. He then identified five aspects that assisted trade to be: common currency, common language, land border, stable relationship between the previous colonizer and colony and participating in local trade block (McIntyre, 2011). He further addressed the need to consider cultural, geographical and economic factors which are the major barriers to trade. The panellists expected emerging markets and great development in South-South trade despite these challenges. This success was attributable to open trade, economic integration and investment policies that were favourable. Finding an alternative model to finance the supply chain to help secure more contracts to benefit stakeholders was the major concern of Andrà © Soumah, the Chairman of Audit Control and Expertise Global. He explained that some of the reasons why international trade lacked funds was due to lack of trust which made most banks not to lend stakeholders money. Mr. Soumah insisted that the objectives and strategies of TSIs should be reviewed to help meet the demands of new economic world that is multi-polar in nature. He noted that new mechanisms and structures should be formed to shape multilateral governments, trade institutio ns and organizations. TSIs should also develop policies that dress standards and measures that are non-tariff to prevent them from being barriers. Reference Istanbul, T.(2010).World Export Development Forum: Renewed Optimism for Export-led Growth in the Post-crisis Era. China: International Trade Centre Publishers. McIntyre, K. (2011). 2010 World Export Development Forum. New York: Trade Forum Editorial. Simon, T. (2010). UN World Export Development Forum. New York: International Trade Center Publishers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This report on World Export Development Forum 2010 was written and submitted by user Kristopher Barr to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Inuit People Essays - Indigenous Peoples Of North America

The Inuit People Essays - Indigenous Peoples Of North America The Inuit People Inuit: A People Preserved By Ice Thousands of years ago, during the last ice age, mile-thick glaciers covered a vast portion of North America, and the Asian continent was joined to North America by a land bridge. The Arctic areas of Alaska, Beringia, and Siberia were free of ice. Vast herds of caribou, muskoxen, and bison migrated to these plains. Following them were the nomadic Asian ancestors of today's Inuit and Indians. The doorway to Asia closed about three or four thousand years later as the glaciers receded and melted. These people: the Inuit (meaning the people), adapted to their harsh tundra environment and developed a culture that remained untainted for a long time. The Inuit people relied solely on hunting for their existence. With summers barely lasting two months, agriculture was non-existent. Animals such as caribou and seal were vital. Groups of hunters would stalk and kill many caribou with fragile bows made of driftwood, and their bounty was split evenly amongst the tribe. Bone spears were fashioned to hunt seals which provided food, oil, clothes, and tents. The seal skins were also used to construct kayaks and other boats that the Inuit would use to travel and to hunt whales. One advantage of the sterile cold of the arctic was that it kept these people free of disease (until they met the white man.) Inuit tribes consisted of two to ten loosely joined families. There was no one central leader in the group: all decisions were made by the community as a whole. Nor was there any definite set of laws; the Inuit, though usually cheery and optimistic, were prone to uncontrolled bursts of rage. Murder was common amongst them and it went unpunished unless an individual's murders occured too often. At that point, that person was deemed unstable, and the community appointed a man to terminate him/her. In their society, the duties of men and women were strictly separated. The males would hunt, fish and construct the tools used by the family. Women, however, were responsible for cleaning the animal skins, cooking, sewing the clothes ( a woman's sewing ability was equally as attractive to a man as her beauty was), and raising the children. Male children were preferred because they could care for their parents in their old age; female children when often strangled soon after birth. Although today Christianity has breached some of the southernmost tribes, the vast majority practice a form of animism. Their rituals are based mainly on the hunt and the handling of slain animals. Magic talismans and charms are believed to control spirits, and shamans are consulted in the case of injury or illness. There are traces of beliefs in an afterlife or reincarnation, but they are very minor. The Inuit people, like many other tribal minorities, are greatly stereotyped and misunderstood by the common man. For example: the Inuit word igloo means house and can refer to the cabins made of sod that most Inuit occupy. Also, the word Eskimo is a misnomer meaning "eaters of raw flesh" given to the Inuit by the Algonquin Indians. This is a simple culture that remained undisturbed until whales became a precious commodity. Their isolation is slowly coming to an end as western civilization puts them into government housing and snowmobiles are increasing as a means of transportation. They are beautifully eccentric, and we must work to preserve their culture. References: "Seasons of the Eskimo: A Vanishing Way of Life" by Fred Bruemmer; Microsoft Encarta96 Encyclopedia; Microsoft Bookshelf.

Assignment On The Fundamental Rights

Assignment On The Fundamental Rights All democratic constitutions provide for the guarantee of certain rights, which are inviolable and beyond the reach of the state. Rights arise from very social nature of man and which are the external conditions necessary for the greatest possible development of the capacities of the personality. Fundamental Rights are sacro sanct and the supporting pillars of democracy as a form of government and as a way of life. . Democracy and inviolable fundamental rights go together. In this assignment I would like to elaborate the Fundamental Rights under the Constitution of India. Constitutionalism is an achievement of the modern world. The following are the salient features of Indian Constitution. The longest written constitution in the world The idea of popular sovereignty Supremacy of the constitution Provision for Fundamental Rights Provision for Directive Principles of State Policy Provides Parliamentary system of Government Provision for secularism Encouraging Socialistic pattern of so ciety Sovereign Democratic Republic Provision for Emergency Provides single citizenship Provision for single integrated judiciary Federalism The constitution of India has a wonderful preamble. The preamble is an introduction to a Constitution. It proclaims the source, objectives and date of adoption of the constitution. The preamble of the Indian constitution reads as follows: WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢JUSTICE†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, social, economic and political; †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢LIBERTY†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢EQUALITY†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ of status and of opportunity; And to promote among them all †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢FRATERNITY†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HER EBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. Demand for Fundamental Rights in India During the 19th century a demand for civil rights in India took deep root. The Indians were subjects and not citizens under British rule. Before 1947 India did not have national liberty, and the individual, therefore, could never imagine to have individual freedom with the complete set of guaranteed fundamental rights. As early in 1895, under the inspiration of Bal Gangadar Thilak, a swaraj bill was prepared and this thought in terms of a constitution guaranteeing fundamental rights. In 1928, the Nehru Report spoke of the need to have fundamental rights in the future constitution of India. In 1933, the Karachi session of the Indian National Congress adopted a resolution in favor of fundamental rights. But the British government did not accept the demand of the Indians to incorporate a list of fundamental rights in the constitutions introduced in India. Fundamental Rights: A Preface The F undamental Rights, embodied in Part III of the Constitution, guarantee civil rights to all Indians, and prevent the State from encroaching on individual liberty while simultaneously placing upon it an obligation to protect the citizens’ rights from encroachment by society. Seven fundamental rights were originally provided by the Constitution – right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional remedies. However, the right to property was removed from Part III of the Constitution by the 44th Amendment in 1978.

CIS Homework Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIS Homework - Case Study Example It is pertinent to mention here that the guidelines and best practices varies with respect to the medium or category of the technology; for example, the guidelines for information security of the information systems would be not similar to the best practices or guidelines of the computer network, mobile devices, online collaboration and social sharing, internet protection, electronic device security etc (IBM, n.d). One of the most common information security best practices that I have found in all the above mentioned websites is to develop strong password protection for logging in / logging out of any system. One of the main reasons for emphasizing the strong passwords is that despite the development and implementation of latest technologies to protect secured information, the information can easily have unauthorized access if the user has not developed a strong password to secure its personal information. Moreover, most of the information leakage is due to the same reason, as a common hacker can attack to the vulnerability of weak password and break into your

Con law 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Con law 4 - Essay Example The states cannot institute such a punishment because of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and most states are against such punishments. There have been two main aspects of consideration by the courts in defining such punishments; these are the amount of punishment and the method of punishment. The courts rely on the evolving standards of decency when considering the method of punishment. On the other hand, in considering the method of punishment the courts use the proportionality rule (Prison Conditions and the Deliberate Indifference Standards the Eighth Amendment, 2011). Over the years, there has been an extension of the Eighth Amendment to cover the conditions of the inmates’ confinement. However, the onus pressed the petitioner to prove that the officials were ‘deliberately indifferent’. Louisiana ex rel. Francis v Resweber 329 U.S 459 (1947) this case held that the petitioner had to show a reasonable intent on the part of the officer admini stering the punishment. Gregg v. Georgia 428 U.S 153 (1976) established the ‘unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain’ standard. The consideration is whether the unnecessary pain inflicted was to serve as punishment and its proportionality to the crime committed. ‘Obduracy and wantonness’ was a key requirement in this standard. The Rhodes v. Chapman case caused the further development of the Gregg standard in 1981, which expanded the scope of the Eighth Amendment to include prison conditions. In Rhodes v. Chapman (452 U.S. 337, 1981) it held that prisoners being housed in double cells is not in contravention of the Eighth Amendment. The Courts were of the opinion that the Constitution does provide for the provision of comfortable prisons; and deprivation of life’s necessities are in violation of the Constitution. However, to double-cell an inmate with a chain smoker is unconstitutional, as was held in Helling v. McKinney (509 U.S. 25, 1993). The Cou rts held that a Nevada inmate, double celled with a chain smoker, had a right to seek a court action. This is because the situation exposed him to some health hazards that he could incur as a passive smoker. However, the courts subsequently offered a more lenient standard for the prisoners; this standard is familiar as the deliberate indifference standard (Eighth Amendment and Deliberate Indifference Standard for Prisoners, 2013). Deliberate Indifference Standard Estelle v. gamble 429, U.S 97 (1976), was the first case in which the courts discussed this standard. Generally, deliberate indifference seems to people as the blatant but conscious disregard of a person’s consequences in relation to his actions or omissions. Negligence on the part of the officials is not a requirement. The court uses it in determining whether an officer has in one way or the other contravened the civil rights of an inmate. The first attempt by the courts to define this standard was made in Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825 (1994). The test has three parts: the first requirement is a substantial or excessive risk of injury to the inmate. This requirement is heavily dependent on the facts of the case presented in court. An example of such a case is Willis v. Baldwin, 70 F.3d 1074 (9th Cir. 1995), where the courts ruled that an exposure to asbestos in a prison constituted a substantial risk of harm. The second requirement is actual knowledge of the risk by the official. Obviousness of the

The Kite Tunner Essay Example for Free

The Kite Tunner Essay In The Kite Runner, even though Hassan remains loyal, forgiving, and good natured, he is still the character who suffers the most. Hassan is a character who is discriminated against from the start of the book, till the very end. He is a part of a poor ethnic group called Hazaras whom are considered victims in the Afghan society. Amir and Hassan are half brothers, but because Hassan was a Hazara, he grew up in a hut as a servant working for his own father. Hassan understands his inferiority and accepts it, which causes other people to take advantage of him by betraying him. For example, even though Hassan always stood up for Amir, Amir left Hassan to get raped. Hassan was too scared to stand up for his best friend and believed that Hassan is sacrificing himself for Amir. Not only was the rape an attack physically, but it is also an attack on the victim’s emotions and dignity. In the Kite Runner, Hassan suffers the most pain both physically and mentally by living his life being betrayed, discriminated and losing his family. To start off, Hassan is a poor ethnic Hazara, he is considered inferior to the Afghan society, and therefore is discriminated throughout the whole novel. For example, Hassan and Amir both have the same rich father, but because Hassan was illegitimate and was a Hazara, he grew up as a servant in his father’s hut. With this in mind, Hassan is discriminated by everyone even his own family even the ones who Hassam didn’t even know was his family. Discrimination is so significant in his life that he has accepted the fact that he was born to be hated for his appearance. Hassan’s biological father Baba lies to Hassan and doesn’t even tell him that he is his real father. Despite the fact that Hassan gets discriminated upon, he still remains loyal and forgiving. Another example would be when the Taliban wanted Baba’s house and when they found out that Hassan and his wife were kuvubg u but alone, they wouldn’t listen to him when he tried to explain that Rahim Khan was the owner and they were waiting his return. The Taliban of course shot Hassan and his wife leaving Sohrab alone. The Taliban who show Hassan and his Wife were dismissed from their trial because they said it was self defence. They were dismissed because they have no proof that the Hazaras attacked the Taliban because no one would stand up for Hazaras. With this in mind, Hassan has died In addition, despite the fact that everyone knows that Hassan is good natured, he still is betrayed many times in the story mostly by his best friend Amir. In detail, Amir treats Hassan unfairly even thought he knows that Hassan will be good about it. For example, Amir left Hassan to get raped by Assef in the alley Hassan taught him incorrect meaning of words. Even after Amir betrays Amir, Hassan continues to serve him. and abandoning him even though Hassan saved him countless amounts of time. Amir only does this because When Assef asked Amir why he’s friends with a Hazara, Amir said that he’s his servant and nothing more. Amir didn’t know that Hassan was his half brother, which leads Amir to take advantage of Hassan. Rape is one of the events in the story that happens to Hassan that makes him suffer the most. In this story, rape is not just physically violent, but it is also an attack on the victim’s emotions and dignity. The fact that Hassan didn’t resist just proves his role in society and how he accepts punishment that is given upon him. The rape proves that he doesn’t care about his own suffering Lastly, Hassan suffers by losing the people who were once family to him. Hassan suffers because his half brother Amir is the reason why Hassan and Ali left the house. In fact, Hassan has it tougher than Amir from the beginning. Not only did he lose his mother, his mother rejected him at birth. Sanaubar had taken one glance at the baby in Alis arms, seen the cleft lip, and barked a bitter laughter. [ ]. She had refused to even hold Hassan, and just five days later she was gone. (29). This event has left Hassan motherless ever since birth. He is separated from his beloved Amir and Baba whom he spent his whole life with. Another example would be when his mother left and rejected him at birth.

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Introduction: "Based on five principles of Canada Health Act, Government of Canada introduced national healthcare system in 1962. Canadian government was committed to provide universal and comprehensive healthcare service that is accessible by all permanent residents without restriction based on ones’ income. Canada’s healthcare system is jointly financed by the federal and the provincial government with centralized guidelines established by the federal government to ensure uniform healthcare services across the country. Canada spent approximately $211 billion on healthcare in 2013 with an average of $5,988 per person (CIHI, 2001). Healthcare spending continues to rise and is expected to be 50% of Ontario’s total annual spending in near future. About 70% of Canada’s healthcare cost is publically funded and only 30% is funded by health insurance and out-of-pocket costs (Toronto Sun, 2013). Recent Angus Reid study has revealed that the Canadian healthcare system is struggling to provide satisfactory services to its citizens. It was revealed that 187,000 patients were waiting to receive treatment and 45% of those in the waiting line characterized themselves as â€Å"in pain† (Health Canada, 2005). Waiting lines are common across Canada, for instance, waiting period between primary consultation and surgery is 10.2 weeks in Ontario and 17.1 weeks in Saskatchewan. Due to increase in Demand and aging population, waiting lines have grown by more than 5 weeks since 1967 (Gratzer, 2001). The situation in Ontario and Quebec are more sever compared to other provinces in Canada. In February 1999, demand for healthcare reached a point where it exceed supply and Ontario healthcare had to arrange cancer treatment in United States. Angus Reid poll... ... medical services are said to be free but not many are available without waiting lines. Many issues faced by Canada’s current healthcare system can be addressed by introducing a parallel private and public healthcare system. In order to introduce a two-tier healthcare system, amendments to Canada Health Act at both federal and provincial levels are required. It has been concluded that implementation of two-tier health care system is utmost important as it will be difficult for the government to sustain healthcare funding in future. Two-tier healthcare system will provide efficient healthcare system as waiting lines will be reduced, government spending will be controlled, private sector will provide access to modern technology as well as encourage Canadian physicians to practice in Canada rather than shifting to United States for higher financial incentives."